SBB-PKWie klangen Buddhas Worte im Originalton? – Eine Tripitaka-Schenkung an die Staatsbibliothek
Übergabezeremonie des World Tipitaka Saj-jhā-ya Phonetic Recitation mit Vertretern der World Tipitaka Foundation, der Botschaft des Königreichs Thailand und der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin.
Beispielseite aus der Ausgabe zu Ehren von König Bhumibol Adulyadej des Großen.
Das 80-bändige Werk erschien erstmals 2016 in Thailand als Gedenkausgabe zu Ehren des thailändischen Königs Bhumibol Adulyadej und der Königin Sirikit und wird an ausgewählte Bibliotheken und akademische Einrichtungen in über 30 Ländern übergeben. Die 40-bändige Teilausgabe zu Ehren König Bhumibol Adulyadej des Großen verwendet zur Wiedergabe des Pali Textes außer der thailändischen Schrift eine phonetische Umschrift, die die exakte Aussprache des originalen Pali-Textes ermöglicht. Die ebenfalls 40 Bände umfassende Teilausgabe, die Königin Sirikit gewidmet ist, enthält neben der speziell entwickelten phonetischen Umschrift in lateinischen Buchstaben und der thailändischen Schrift eine Notation mit Musiknoten, die den authentischen Rhythmus und Ton des Pali-Textes nachvollziehbar macht. Die ursprünglich mündlich überlieferten Worte Buddhas werden so mit Hilfe moderner Forschungsmethoden in gedruckter Form bewahrt. Ergänzende Audiofiles, bisher einmalig, ermöglichen das Hören der Worte Buddhas, wie sie vor 2500 Jahren klangen und unterstützen das Auswendiglernen der Texte, wie es traditionell für Mönche üblich ist.
Beispielseite aus der Ausgabe zu Ehren Königin Sirikit.
Diese Edition stellt eine wichtige Quelle für interdisziplinäre Studien dar, insbesondere zur Buddhismusforschung wie z.B. der Erforschung der Geschichte des Buddhismus, der Pali-Textüberlieferung in den Ländern Asiens sowie der Rekonstruktion der Aussprache der buddhistischen Texte in Pali von vor 2500 Jahren. Durch die lateinische Umschrift und Notenschrift und den Zugang zu Audiofiles richtet sich das Werk an ein breites Publikum über die Grenzen Thailands hinaus.
Mit der Schenkung wird eine lange Tradition der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Thailand und der Staatsbibliothek fortgesetzt, die bis ins 19. Jahrhundert reicht. Bereits die erste Ausgabe eines gedruckten Tripitaka (Bangkok, 1893) wurde der damaligen Königlichen Bibliothek in Berlin übergeben. Der Eintrag ist im Online-Katalog der Bibliothek bis heute enthalten, jedoch sind alle Bände dieser Ausgabe im Zweiten Weltkrieg verloren gegangen und daher als Kriegsverlust gekennzeichnet. Eine weitere Tripitaka-Schenkung durch die thailändische Botschaft erfolgte im Jahr 1931. Dabei handelt es sich um die 45-bändige Ausgabe Sayāmraṭṭhassa Tēpiṭakaṅ der Mahamakut Buddhist University (Bangkok 1926-1928), die während der Regentschaft von König Rama VII zur Erinnerung an den 1925 verstorbenen König Rama VI herausgegeben worden war. Es folgten weitere Schenkungen und ein regelmäßiger Schriftentausch.
Nach der Übergabe-Zeremonie und einem Vortrag von dem buddhistischen Mönch Phra Leif Sudhammo über „The Importance of Tripitaka in Preserving and Transmitting the Teachings of Lord Buddha in Our Times“ konnten die Gäste im Simon-Bolivar-Saal einen Einblick in die Vielfalt der Tripitaka-Publikationen und -Handschriften der Sammlung der Staatsbibliothek gewinnen. Gezeigt wurden Tripitakas aus den Theravada-Ländern Thailand, Kambodscha, Myanmar (Shan), Sri Lanka sowie Handschriften aus der Mahayana-Tradition aus China, Tibet, der Mongolei und Japan.
Thai Tripitaka 1893
Tripitaka from 1893/94, known as Chulachomklao edition
Published in commemoration of King Chulalongkorns 25th anniversary of reign
The first printed Tripitaka
Donation of the Siamese Embassy
Loss due to World War II
Shelf mark: Zw 22056
Thai Tripitaka 1927, donation 1931
สฺยามรฏฺฐสฺส เตปิฏกํ / สฺยามรฏฺฐสฺส ราชธานิยํ มหามกุฏราชวิทฺยาลเยน
Syāma-raṭṭhassa ṯep̱iṭakaṃ (Sayāmraṭṭhassa Tēpiṭakaṅ) / Mahāmakut Rātchawitthayālai (Mahamakut Buddhist University)
This Pali Tripitaka edition written in Thai script was published during the reign of King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) in memory of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), who died in 1925. This 45-volumes edition was published in 1926-1928.
Vinayapitaka = vol. 1-8. Suttapitaka = vol. 9-33. Abhidhammapitaka = vol. 34-45
Shelf mark: 4“ 403724-1
Page from the accession journal of the Oriental Department from 1931
Copy of a page from the accession journal of the Oriental Department from 1931
Framed the entry about the donation of the Tripitaka edition from 1926-1928.
Pali in Thai script.
Donation of the Siamese Embassy, August 31, 1931
Thai Tripitaka 1982
พระไตรปิฎกและอรรถกถาแปล ฉบับมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย (จำนวน ๙๑ เล่ม)
Tripitaka and Commentaries / Mahāmakut Rātchawitthayālai (Mahamakut Buddhist University)
(total 91 volumes)
This is a Tripitaka translation into Thai. There are only 35 volumes available, starting with volume 39 (volumes 1-38, 44, 47, 51, 53-54, 64, 68-69, 71, 78, 82-85, 87-89 are not available). This edition was printed on occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Chakri Dynasty B.E. 2525 (1982).
27 volumes of Suttapitaka (mostly Khuddaka-Nikaya) and 8 volumes of commentaries
Shelf mark: 4 A 55687-39
Thai Khün Tripitaka
Pali-Text in Tai Khün script
45 volumes, edited by Venerable Phra Gruba Sengla Aggamahapandita Bhaddanta Dhammasiri, Abbot of Wat Phra Dhatu Sai Müang, Thachilek, Province of Kengtung, Shan State, Myanmar, published in Bangkok, 1999
Shelf mark: 4 B 1447-1
Translation of the Pali text into Tai Khün common language, 45 volumes, script Tai, printed in Thachilek, Eastern Shan State, Myanmar, 1994-2001
Shelf mark: 4 B 2081-1,1
Khmer Tripiṭaka
Khmer Tripiṭaka
ព្រះត្រៃបិដកបាឡីនឹងសេចក្តីប្រែជាភាសាខ្មែរ
Braḥ tra̱ipiṭaka Pāḷī ni’ṅ secaktīprai jā bhāsā Khmair
This Khmer edition is a reprint from 1994. It was printed in Japan. This edition was a donation from the Japanese Buddhist Communities to th Cambodian Buddhists.
The Khmer Tripiṭaka was translated from Pali into Khmer by the Tripiṭaka Commission, which was established by Royal Ordinance of King Sisowath on December 14th, 1929. The translation project started in 1930. Although the translation was already completed in the 1950s, the publication of the complete edition had to wait until 1968. But parts of it had been published earlier. The completion of the Tripiṭaka translation was celebrated on April 1st and 2nd, 1969 in Phnom Penh.
The printed Khmer Tripiṭaka includes the Pali text on the left book page (in Khàm script) and the Khmer text, the translation of the Pali text, on the right book page (in Aksar Chhrieng script).
The print edition comprises 110 volumes:
- 13 volumes of Preah Viney Beydak (Vinaya Piṭaka)
- 64 volumes of Sottan Tak Beydak (Sutta Piṭaka)
- 33 volumes of Aphithommak Beydak (Abhidamma Piṭaka)
The originality of the Khmer edition lies in the fact that it contains both Pali and Khmer translation in the same volume, on one open book page. This makes it possible to compare directly.
Khmer Tripiṭaka sets were sent to Burma, Sri Lanka, China, India, Japan, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Great Britain, France, Germany (GDR) and the United States.
Shelf mark: 4 A 9433-1
Khmer Palmblatt Tripitaka
ព្រះសូតព្រះវិនៃ្យ ៥
Braḥ sūt braḥ vīnaiy 5
Part of Khmer Suttapitaka (Samyutta-Nikaya: Maha Kassapa talks to Ananda), Palm leaf manuscript, 4 bundles, incomplete,
Text in Pali and Khmer, Pali prayers at the beginning of each bundle, different hand-writings in ‚mūl‘ style
Sehlf mark: MIK I 4250
Singhalesischer Tripitaka
Singhalesischer Tripitaka (parts of Suttapitaka)
This palm leaf manuscript consists of 3 parts from Sutta Pitaka. The 3 parts show different handwritings. The languages are Pali and Sinhala. The manuscript had been acquired by the Library in 1910.
This is part 1: Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta [Sutta und Sannaya]
“The Great Discourse on the Establishing of Mindfulness” is one of the most celebrated and widely studied discourses in the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism, acting as the foundation for Vipassana meditation practice.
Remarkable are the wooden lids with green leaves and blue and white flowers on a red background. There is a coin with a hole from 1754 at the end of the string.
Shelf mark: Ms. or. fol. 3148
Peking Tripitaka
Large Cult Edition of the Buddhist Canon, China, 1578-1735, brocade and paper
The part of the Peking Tripitaka shown here belongs to a cult edition of the Buddhist Canon consisting of fragments from three different imperial editions (1578, 1592 and 1598) and a reprint from 1735. It was acquired in China in 1901 by Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Müller (1863-1930) in 8,016 folded volumes. At that time, there were already gaps in the various editions, and many volumes were damaged during the sea voyage from China to Berlin. The collection now contains 1,223 works, one seventh of which are incomplete. Some 200 volumes are in Krakow as a result of the relocations during the 2nd World War. All four editions were made from the same printing plate. They are all imperial prints There are ten booklets in each of the cloth slipcovers bearing the inscription ‚Thousand-character classic‘.
The bindings of the 1578 edition are covered with yellowish pongee silk. The 1592 edition is a splendid one. The binding is of brocade with various patterns, some of which are interwoven with golden thread. The volumes of the 1598 edition are almost indistinguishable from those of the 1578 edition; they are slightly smaller and the brown silk binding is slightly coarser. The paper is less good. The bindings of the 1735 edition have a wooden feel. They are bound in bright, shiny, golden-yellow silk. The paper is a beautiful white.
According to Müller, it belonged to the Empress Dowager Ci’an 慈安 (1837-1881) and comes from the Temple of Long Life (Wan shou si 萬壽寺) in Beijing. The temple was built during the Wanli 萬曆 era (1563-1620) of the Ming dynasty to preserve Buddhist scriptures. Other Buddhist texts were also published here. During the Qing Dynasty, the temple also served as a resting place for the imperial family on their way to the Summer Palace in the northwest.
Peking Kanjur
Peking Kanjur in Tibetan
The Tibetan collection of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin also contains a copy of the Peking Kanjur. This is a 108-volume handwritten copy of the Wanli Kanjur (printed in Beijing in 1680). The Kanjur (Tib. bKav-vgyur) is one of the two collections of authoritative Buddhist texts recognised by all Buddhist schools. It consists of three parts: the vDul-ba (Vinaya texts), mDo (sutras) and rGyud (tantras). The arrangement and the texts contained are not identical. It varies according to the place of compilation. The production of a Kanjur was very time-consuming and cost-intensive, which is why they were usually donated by wealthy individuals. The printing of the Wanli Kanjur (1606-1607) was donated by the then Chinese Emperor Wanli (1563-1620). The printing plates of the Yongle-Kanjur, which had already been created in 1410, were used. Wanli had badly damaged printing blocks from the original set reconstructed with the aid of an earlier printing of the Yongle-Kanjur. The volumes of the present copy are decorated with painted book covers and painted book cuts. There is a catalogue called Verzeichnis der Tibetischen Handschriften for this Kanjur edition. Individual volumes have already been digitised.
The purchase of the Berlin copy of the Peking Kanjur in 1889 from the Yonghe gong monastery in Beijing was arranged by Max von Brandt (1835-1920), who had spent a long career in the diplomatic service in East Asia.
Shelf mark: Peking Kanjur
Mongolian Kanjur
Bilig-ün c̆inad kürügsen ǰaγun mingγan toγatu
Since 1892, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin has housed twelve volumes of a handwritten Mongolian Kanjur, including the accompanying book covers. These 12 volumes were donated to the library by Max von Brandt (1835-1920). He was a diplomat and German envoy to China from 1875-1893. During his time in East Asia, he provided the Berlin museums and today’s Staatsbibliothek with numerous objects.
Shelf mark: Mongolischer Kanjur
Taishō Tripitaka
Taishō Tripitaka
The Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō (jap. 大正新脩大藏經, lit. “Taishō Revised Tripiṭaka”) or short Taishō Tripitaka is a definitive edition of the Chinese Buddhist canon and its Japanese commentaries used by scholars in the 20th century. It was edited by Takakusu Junjirō and others.
Volumes 1-85 contain the literature, with volumes 56-84 being Japanese Buddhist literature written in classical Chinese.
Volumes 86-97 contain drawings related to Buddhism including drawings of a large number of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.
Volumes 98-100 are texts of various registers of Buddhist texts in Japan.
The texts of volumes 1-85 are also freely available in an online database developed and maintained by the SAT Daizōkyō Text Database Committee, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology,
University of Tokyo, Japan (https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT/index_en.html).
Shalef mark:
T.T.a (original edition from 1924 ff., vols. 1-85 and 86-97)
Libri japon. 2100 (reprint 1960-76, incomplete, missing vols.: 24, 26-28, 35, 36, 38, 41, 43, 48, 51, 54, 55, 60, 67, 71, 86-100)
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